I. ukuhlukaniswa komshini

Ukulungiselela ngaphambi kokuqaqa

A. indawo yokusebenza kufanele ibe banzi, ikhanye, ibushelelezi futhi ihlanzekile.

B. Amathuluzi okuqhaqha alungiselelwe ngokugcwele ngezincazelo ezifanele.

C. Lungisa isitendi, uhlukanise isitsha kanye nedramu yamafutha ngezinhloso ezahlukene

Izimiso eziyisisekelo zokuqaqa ngomshini

A. Ngokusho kwemodeli kanye nedatha efanele, izici zesakhiwo kanye nobudlelwano bokuhlanganiswa kwemodeli kungaqondwa ngokucacile, bese kunqunywa indlela nezinyathelo zokubola nokuhlakaza.

B. Khetha amathuluzi nemishini ngendlela efanele. Uma ukubola kunzima, thola imbangela kuqala bese uthatha izinyathelo ezifanele zokuxazulula inkinga.

C. Lapho uhlukanisa izingxenye noma izinhlangano ngezinkombandlela namamaki acacisiwe, izinkombandlela namamaki kufanele kukhunjulwe. Uma izimpawu zilahlekile, kufanele ziphinde zimakwe.

D. Ukuze kugwenywe umonakalo noma ukulahleka kwezingxenye eziqhekekile, kufanele zigcinwe ngokwehlukana ngokobukhulu nokunemba kwezingxenye, futhi kufanele zibekwe ngokulandelana kokuzihlukanisa. Izingxenye eziqondile nezibalulekile kufanele zigcinwe futhi zigcinwe ngokukhethekile.

E. Amabhawodi namantongomane asusiwe kufanele abuyiselwe endaweni yawo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukulungiswa, ukuze kugwenywe ukulahleka futhi kube lula ukuhlanganiswa.

F. Hlukanisa njengoba kudingeka. Kulabo abangahlubuli, bangabhekwa njengabasesimweni esihle. Kodwa isidingo sokususa izingxenye kumele sisuswe, hhayi ukuze kusindiswe izinkinga futhi kungakhathalekile, okuholela ekhwalithini yokulungisa ayinakuqinisekiswa.

(1) ngokuxhumeka okunzima ukukuqaqa noma okuzonciphisa ikhwalithi yokuxhumeka futhi kulimaze ingxenye yezingxenye zokuxhuma ngemva kokuqaqa, ukuqaqa kufanele kugwenywe ngangokunokwenzeka, njengokuxhuma kokuvala, ukuxhumana kokuphazamiseka, ukuxhumanisa nge-riveting kanye nokushisela, njll.

(2) uma kufakwa ingxenye ngendlela yokushaya, i-liner ethambile noma isando noma i-punch eyenziwe ngezinto ezithambile (njengethusi elimsulwa) kumele ifakwe kahle ukuze kuvinjelwe umonakalo ebusweni bengxenye.

(3) kufanele kusetshenziswe amandla afanele ngesikhathi sokuqaqa, futhi kufanele kuqashelwe ngokukhethekile ukuvikela izingxenye eziyinhloko kunoma yimuphi umonakalo. Ezingxenyeni ezimbili zomdlalo, uma kudingeka ukuthi kulinyazwe ingxenye, kuyadingeka ukuthi kulondolozwe izingxenye ezinenani eliphezulu, ubunzima bokukhiqiza noma ikhwalithi engcono.

(4) izingxenye ezinobude nobubanzi obukhulu, njenge-shaft encane eqondile, isikulufu, njll., ziyahlanzwa, zigcotshwe ngamafutha bese zilengiswe ziqonde phezulu ngemva kokususwa. Izingxenye ezisindayo zingasekelwa yi-fulcrum eningi ukuze kugwenywe ukuguguleka.

(5) izingxenye ezisusiwe kufanele zihlanzwe ngokushesha okukhulu futhi zimbozwe ngowoyela ovimbela ukugqwala. Ukuze kutholakale izingxenye ezinembile, kodwa futhi kuhlanganiswe nephepha likawoyela, ukuvimbela ukugqwala noma ukushayisana kwendawo. Izingxenye ezengeziwe kufanele zihlungwe ngezingxenye, bese zifakwa ngemva kokumaka.

(6) susa izingxenye ezincane nezilahleka kalula, njengezikulufo ezibekiwe, amantongomane, ama-washer namaphini, njll., bese uzifaka ezingxenyeni eziyinhloko ngangokunokwenzeka ngemva kokuhlanza ukuze uvimbele ukulahleka. Ngemva kokuba izingxenye eziseshafini zisusiwe, kungcono ukuzibuyisela okwesikhashana emshafini ngendlela yokuqala noma uzibeke entanjeni ngentambo yensimbi, okuzoletha lula kakhulu emsebenzini wokuhlanganisa esikhathini esizayo.

(7) susa umsele, indebe kawoyela kanye nezinye izinto zokugcoba noma zokupholisa uwoyela, iziteshi zamanzi negesi, zonke izinhlobo zezingxenye ze-hydraulic, ngemuva kokuhlanza kufanele kube uphawu lokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle, ukuze kugwenywe uthuli nokungcola okucwiliswe emanzini.

(8) lapho kuhlukaniswa ingxenye ejikelezayo, isimo sokuqala sebhalansi akufanele siphazamiseke ngangokunokwenzeka.

(9) ngezinsiza zesigaba ezivame ukufuduka futhi ezingenazo izisetshenziswa zokuma noma izici zokuqondisa, kufanele zimakwe ngemva kokuhlukaniswa ukuze zibonakale kalula ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa.

Ii. Ukuhlanganiswa kwemishini

Inqubo yokuhlanganisa imishini iyisixhumanisi esibalulekile sokunquma ikhwalithi yokulungiswa kwemishini, ngakho-ke kumele kube:

(1) izingxenye ezihlanganisiwe kumele zihlangabezane nezidingo zobuchwepheshe ezibekiwe, futhi noma yiziphi izingxenye ezingafaneleki azikwazi ukuhlanganiswa. Le ngxenye kumele ihlolwe ngokuqinile ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa.

(2) indlela efanele yokufanisa kumele ikhethwe ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokunemba kokufanisa. Ukulungiswa kwemishini kwenani elikhulu lomsebenzi ukubuyisela ukunemba kokufanisa kokufakwa okuhlangene, kungasetshenziswa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokukhetha, ukulungisa, ukulungisa nezinye izindlela. Umphumela wokwandiswa kokushisa kufanele ucatshangelwe ngesikhala sokulingana. Ezingxenyeni zokulingana ezenziwe ngezinto ezine-coefficients yokwanda ehlukene, lapho izinga lokushisa elizungezile ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa lihluka kakhulu emazingeni okushisa ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ushintsho lwesikhala olubangelwa yilokhu kufanele lunxeshezelwe.

(3) ukuhlaziya nokuhlola ukunemba kochungechunge lobukhulu benhlangano, bese uhlangabezana nezidingo zokunemba ngokukhetha nokulungisa.

(4) ukubhekana nohlelo lokuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye zomshini, isimiso sithi: kuqala ngaphakathi bese kuba ngaphandle, kuqala kube nzima bese kuba lula, kuqala kube ukunemba bese kuba okuvamile.

(5) khetha izindlela zokuhlanganisa ezifanele kanye nemishini namathuluzi okuhlanganisa.

(6) naka ukuhlanzwa kwezingxenye kanye nokugcoba. Izingxenye ezihlanganisiwe kumele zihlanzwe kahle kuqala, futhi izingxenye ezihambayo kufanele zimbozwe ngokugcoba okuhlanzekile endaweni ehambayo.

(7) naka ukuvalwa kwe-assembly ukuze uvimbele "ukuvuza okuthathu". Ukuze usebenzise isakhiwo sokuvala esichaziwe kanye nezinto zokuvala, awukwazi ukusebenzisa izinto ezingasetshenziswa ngokungahleliwe. Naka ikhwalithi nokuhlanzeka kwendawo yokuvala. Naka indlela yokuhlanganisa ye-seal kanye nokuqina kwe-assembly, ukuze i-static seal isebenzise i-sealant seal efanele.

(8) qaphela izidingo zokuhlanganisa idivayisi ekhiyayo futhi uhambisane nemithethonqubo yokuphepha.

Iii. Izinto ezidinga ukunakwa ekuqaqweni nasekuhlanganisweni kwezimpawu zomshini

I-mechanical seal ingenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokujika i-mechanical body seal, ukunemba kwayo kokucubungula kuphakeme kakhulu, ikakhulukazi i-dynamic, static ring, uma indlela yokuyihlukanisa ingafaneleki noma ukusetshenziswa okungafanele, i-mechanical seal assembly ngeke ihluleke nje ukufeza injongo yokuvala, futhi izolimaza izingxenye zokuvala ezihlanganisiwe.

1. Izinyathelo zokuphepha ngesikhathi sokuqaqa

1) Uma ususa uphawu lomshini, akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa isando nefosholo eliyisicaba ukuze ugweme ukulimaza into yokuvala.

2) uma kunezivalo zomshini kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zepompo, kufanele uqaphele enkambisweni yokuyiqaqa ukuze uvimbele eyodwa ekulahlekelweni enye.

3) ngesivalo somshini esisebenzile, uma indawo yokuvala inyakaza lapho indlala ikhululeka, izingxenye zendandatho ye-rotor kanye ne-stator kufanele zishintshwe, futhi akufanele ziphinde zisetshenziswe ngemva kokuqinisa. Ngoba ngemva kokukhululeka, ithrekhi yokuqala yokugijima yepheya lokungqubuzana izoshintsha, ukuvalwa kwendawo yokuxhumana kuzobhujiswa kalula.

4) uma into yokuvala iboshwe ukungcola noma i-condensate, susa i-condensate ngaphambi kokususa uphawu lomshini.

2. Izinyathelo zokuphepha ngesikhathi sokufakwa

1) Ngaphambi kokufakwa, kubalulekile ukuhlola ngokucophelela ukuthi inani lezingxenye zokuvala zenhlangano lanele yini nokuthi izingxenye zonakele, ikakhulukazi ukuthi kukhona yini amaphutha njengokushayisana, ukuqhekeka kanye nokuguquguquka emasongweni aguquguqukayo nanganyakazi. Uma kukhona inkinga, lungisa noma ushintshe ngezingxenye ezintsha ezisele.

2) hlola ukuthi i-engela ye-chamfering yesikhafu noma i-gland iyafaneleka yini, futhi uma ingahlangabezani nezidingo, kumele inqunywe.

3) zonke izingxenye zesivalo somshini kanye nezindawo ezihambisana nazo zokuhlangana kumele zihlanzwe nge-acetone noma i-anhydrous alcohol ngaphambi kokufakwa. Gcina ihlanzekile ngesikhathi sokufakwa, ikakhulukazi izindandatho ezihambayo nezinganyakazi kanye nezinto zokuvala ezisizayo kufanele zingabi nokungcola nothuli. Faka ungqimba oluhlanzekile lwamafutha noma uwoyela we-turbine ebusweni bezindandatho ezihambayo nezinganyakazi.

4) indlala engenhla kufanele iqiniswe ngemva kokulungiswa kokuxhuma. Amabhawodi kufanele aqiniswe ngokulinganayo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuphambuka kwengxenye yendlala. Hlola iphuzu ngalinye nge-feeler noma ithuluzi elikhethekile. Iphutha akufanele libe ngaphezu kuka-0.05mm.

5) hlola ukuvuleka okulinganayo (kanye nokugxila) phakathi kwe-gland kanye nobubanzi bangaphandle be-shaft noma i-shaft sleeve, bese uqinisekisa ukufana okuzungezile, bese uhlola ukubekezelelana kwephuzu ngalinye nge-plug engengaphezu kuka-0.10mm.

6) inani lokucindezela kwentwasahlobo kufanele lenziwe ngokuhambisana nezinhlinzeko. Akuvunyelwe ukuba likhulu kakhulu noma lincane kakhulu. Iphutha lingu-± 2.00mm. Kuncane kakhulu kuzobangela ukucindezeleka okunganele futhi ngeke kudlale indima yokuvala, ngemva kokuba intwasahlobo ifakiwe esihlalweni sentwasahlobo ukuze inyakaze kalula. Uma usebenzisa intwasahlobo eyodwa, naka isiqondiso sokuzungeza kwentwasahlobo. Isiqondiso sokuzungeza kwentwasahlobo kufanele siphambene nesiqondiso sokuzungeza kweshaft.

7) indandatho eshukumayo kufanele igcinwe iguquguquka ngemva kokufakwa. Izokwazi ukubuyela emuva ngokuzenzakalelayo ngemva kokucindezela indandatho eshukumayo entwasahlobo.

8) qala ubeke indandatho yokuvala indandatho engaguquki ngemuva kwendandatho engaguquki, bese uyibeka embozweni wokugcina wokuvala. Naka ukuvikelwa kwengxenye yendandatho engaguquki, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingxenye yendandatho engaguquki iqondile kanye nomugqa ophakathi wesembozo sokugcina, kanye nengemuva lomsele wendandatho engaguquki ohambisana nephini yokuvimbela ukudluliselwa, kodwa ungenzi ukuthi zithintane.

9) enkambisweni yokufaka, akuvunyelwe neze ukungqongqoza ngqo into yokuvala ngamathuluzi. Uma kudingeka ukungqongqoza, amathuluzi akhethekile kumele asetshenziswe ukungqongqoza into yokuvala uma kwenzeka umonakalo.